Articles

Accumulation of marginal zone B cells and accelerated loss of follicular dendritic cells in NF-κB p50-deficient mice

Marginal zone (MZ) B cells play important roles in the early phases of humoral immune responses. In addition to possessing an inherent capacity to rapidly differentiate into antibody secreting cells, MZ B cell...

Authors: Andrew R Ferguson and Ronald B Corley

Analysis of the CCR3 promoter reveals a regulatory region in exon 1 that binds GATA-1

CC Chemokine Receptor 3 (CCR3), the major chemokine receptor expressed on eosinophils, binds promiscuously to several ligands including eotaxins 1, 2, and 3. Even though the only cells that consistently accumu...

Authors: Nives Zimmermann, Jessica L Colyer, Laura E Koch and Marc E Rothenberg

A HEV-restricted sulfotransferase is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and is induced by lymphotoxin-α/β and TNF-α in cultured endothelial cells

The recruitment of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs relies on interactions of circulating cells with high endothelial venules (HEV). HEV are exclusive to these organs under physiological conditions, bu...

Authors: José L Pablos, Begoña Santiago, Durwin Tsay, Mark S Singer, Guillermo Palao, María Galindo and Steven D Rosen

CyProQuant-PCR: a real time RT-PCR technique for profiling human cytokines, based on external RNA standards, readily automatable for clinical use

Real-time PCR is becoming a common tool for detecting and quantifying expression profiling of selected genes. Cytokines mRNA quantification is widely used in immunological research to dissect the early steps o...

Authors: Philippe Boeuf, Inès Vigan-Womas, Delphine Jublot, Séverine Loizon, Jean-Christophe Barale, Bartholomew Dicky Akanmori, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon and Charlotte Behr

The mannose receptor is expressed by subsets of APC in non-lymphoid organs

The mannose receptor (MR) is an endocytic receptor of Mφ and endothelial cell subsets whose natural ligands include both self glycoproteins and microbial glycans. It is also expressed by immature cultured dend...

Authors: Sheena A Linehan

Human CD57⁺ germinal center-T cells are the major helpers for GC-B cells and induce class switch recombination

The function of CD57⁺ CD4⁺ T cells, constituting a major subset of germinal center T (GC-Th) cells in human lymphoid tissues, has been unclear. There have been contradictory reports regarding the B cell helping f...

Authors: Jong R Kim, Hyung W Lim, Seung G Kang, Peter Hillsamer and Chang H Kim

Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in later February 2003, as a new epidemic form of life-threatening infection caused by a novel coronavirus. However, the immune-pathogenesis of SARS is poorly u...

Authors: Renji Reghunathan, Manikandan Jayapal, Li-Yang Hsu, Hiok-Hee Chng, Dessmon Tai, Bernard P Leung and Alirio J Melendez

Fully automated synthesis of (phospho)peptide arrays in microtiter plate wells provides efficient access to protein tyrosine kinase characterization

Synthetic peptides have played a useful role in studies of protein kinase substrates and interaction domains. Synthetic peptide arrays and libraries, in particular, have accelerated the process. Several factor...

Authors: Carl Saxinger, Thomas P Conrads, David J Goldstein and Timothy D Veenstra

Thymus-derived glucocorticoids are insufficient for normal thymus homeostasis in the adult mouse

It is unclear if thymus-derived glucocorticoids reach sufficient local concentrations to support normal thymus homeostasis, or if adrenal-derived glucocorticoids from the circulation are required. Modern appro...

Authors: Stephen B Pruett and Eric L Padgett

Generation of competent bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells from the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Human infections with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and related New World hantaviruses often lead to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a sometimes fatal illness. Lungs of patients who die from HCPS exhibit ...

Authors: Bennett J Davenport, Derall G Willis, Joseph Prescott, Regina M Farrell, Teresa A Coons and Tony Schountz

MAPK-dependent regulation of IL-1- and β-adrenoreceptor-induced inflammatory cytokine production from mast cells: Implications for the stress response

Catecholamines, such as epinephrine, are elaborated in stress responses, and mediate vasoconstriction to cause elevation in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. Our previous study has shown that IL...

Authors: David S Chi, S Matthew Fitzgerald, Shannon Pitts, Karen Cantor, Ellis King, Steven A Lee, Shau-Ku Huang and Guha Krishnaswamy

Characterization and phylogenetic epitope mapping of CD38 ADPR cyclase in the cynomolgus macaque

The CD38 transmembrane glycoprotein is an ADP-ribosyl cyclase that moonlights as a receptor in cells of the immune system. Both functions are independently implicated in numerous areas related to human health....

Authors: Enza Ferrero, Monia Orciani, Paola Vacca, Erika Ortolan, Sergio Crovella, Fausto Titti, Franca Saccucci and Fabio Malavasi

Distinct gene expression profiles in different B-cell compartments in human peripheral lymphoid organs

There are three major B-cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs: the germinal center (GC), the mantle zone (MNZ) and the marginal zone (MGZ). Unique sets of B-cells reside in these compartments, and th...

Authors: Yulei Shen, Javeed Iqbal, Li Xiao, Ryan C Lynch, Andreas Rosenwald, Louis M Staudt, Simon Sherman, Karen Dybkaer, Guimei Zhou, James D Eudy, Jan Delabie, Timothy W McKeithan and Wing C Chan

Exonuclease activity and P nucleotide addition in the generation of the expressed immunoglobulin repertoire

Immunoglobulin rearrangement involves random and imprecise processes that act to both create and constrain diversity. Two such processes are the loss of nucleotides through the action of unknown exonuclease(s)...

Authors: Katherine JL Jackson, Bruno Gaeta, William Sewell and Andrew M Collins

In situ transduction of stromal cells and thymocytes upon intrathymic injection of lentiviral vectors

The thymus is the primary site for T-cell development and induction of self-tolerance. Previous approaches towards manipulation of T-cell differentiation have used intrathymic injection of antigens, as protein...

Authors: Gilles Marodon and David Klatzmann

Identification of genes differentially expressed in T cells following stimulation with the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL10

Chemokines are involved in many biological activities ranging from leukocyte differentiation to neuronal morphogenesis. Despite numerous reports describing chemokine function, little is known about the molecul...

Authors: JE Nagel, RJ Smith, L Shaw, D Bertak, VD Dixit, EM Schaffer and DD Taub

P2 receptor mRNA expression profiles in human lymphocytes, monocytes and CD34+ stem and progenitor cells

Extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP) exert a wide range of biological effects in blood cells mediated by multiple ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Although pharmacolog...

Authors: Lingwei Wang, Sten Eirik W Jacobsen, Anders Bengtsson and David Erlinge

Age-associated alterations in CXCL1 chemokine expression by murine B cells

The CXCL1 chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC), have been shown to play a role in a number of pathophysiological disease states including e...

Authors: Lina Hu, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Valeria de Mello-Coelho and Dennis D Taub

Infection-dependent phenotypes in MHC-congenic mice are not due to MHC: can we trust congenic animals?

Congenic strains of mice are assumed to differ only at a single gene or region of the genome. These mice have great importance in evaluating the function of genes. However, their utility depends on the mainten...

Authors: Erin E McClelland, Kristy Damjanovich, Kyle Gardner, Zack J Groesbeck, Maggie S Ma, Megan Nibley, Kelly S Richardson, Maureen Wilkinson, Linda C Morrison, Paul Bernhardt and Wayne K Potts

Differential gene expression by integrin β7⁺ and β7^- memory T helper cells

The cell adhesion molecule integrin α4β7 helps direct the migration of blood lymphocytes to the intestine and associated lymphoid tissues. We hypothesized that β7⁺ and β7^- blood memory T helper cells differ in th...

Authors: Madeleine W Rodriguez, Agnés C Paquet, Yee Hwa Yang and David J Erle

Fluorescent derivatization of a protease antigen to track antigen uptake and processing in human cell lines

We have devised a simple and efficient fluorescence-based method to track antigen uptake and processing in human B lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL). Fluorescein labelled subtilisin was used to optimize antigen upt...

Authors: Namrata S Patil, David L Wong, Katherine D Collier and Hugh C McDonald

Cloning and functional characterisation of avian transcription factor E2A

During B lymphocyte development the E2A gene is a critical regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. With regards to the immunoglobulin genes the E2A proteins contribute to the regulation of gene re...

Authors: Thomas M Conlon and Kerstin B Meyer

NF-κB p50 facilitates neutrophil accumulation during LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation

Transcription factors have distinct functions in regulating immune responses. During Escherichia coli pneumonia, deficiency of NF-κB p50 increases gene expression and neutrophil recruitment, suggesting that p50 n...

Authors: Joseph P Mizgerd, Michal M Lupa and Matt S Spieker

Expression and functional effects of Eph receptor tyrosine kinase A family members on Langerhans like dendritic cells

The Eph receptors are the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family. Several family members are expressed in hematopoietic cells. Previously, the expression of a member of this family, EphA2, was identified on d...

Authors: Else Munthe, Eivind Farmen Finne and Hans-Christian Aasheim

Diversity and repertoire of IgW and IgM VH families in the newborn nurse shark

Adult cartilaginous fish express three immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, IgM, IgNAR and IgW. Newborn nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum, produce 19S (multimeric) IgM and monomeric/dimeric IgM_1gj, a germline-joined,...

Authors: Lynn L Rumfelt, Rebecca L Lohr, Helen Dooley and Martin F Flajnik

Up-regulation of the chemokine CCL21 in the skin of subjects exposed to irritants

Expression of murine CCL21 by dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) has been demonstrated to be one of the most important steps in Langerhans cell emigration from skin. Previously, our group and others have...

Authors: Yanina Eberhard, Susana Ortiz, Alejandro Ruiz Lascano, Raquel Kuznitzky and Horacio Marcelo Serra

Changes in IgE- and Antigen-dependent histamine-release in peripheral blood of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Ugandan fishermen after treatment with praziquantel

Parasite-specific IgE levels correlate with human resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma spp. after chemotherapy. Although the role of eosinophils in schistosomiasis has been the focus of a great deal of impo...

Authors: Mohamed Z Satti, Pierre Cahen, Per S Skov, Sarah Joseph, Frances M Jones, Colin Fitzsimmons, Karl F Hoffmann, Claus Reimert, H Curtis Kariuki, Francis Kazibwe, Joseph K Mwatha, Gachuhi Kimani, Birgitte J Vennervald, John H Ouma, Narcis B Kabatereine and David W Dunne

Endothelial cells present antigens in vivo

Immune recognition of vascular endothelial cells (EC) has been implicated in allograft rejection, protection against pathogens, and lymphocyte recruitment. However, EC pervade nearly all tissues and predominat...

Authors: Annette L Rothermel, Yinong Wang, Jeffrey Schechner, Barry Mook-Kanamori, William C Aird, Jordan S Pober, George Tellides and David R Johnson

Erratum to: Characterisation of RT1-E2, a multigenic family of highly conserved rat non-classical MHC class I molecules initially identified in cells from immunoprivileged sites

Authors: Pierre Lau, Claire Amadou, Hélène Brun, Virginie Rouillon, Fiona McLaren, Anne-France Le Rolle, Margaret Graham, Geoffrey W Butcher and Etienne Joly

Rat pro-inflammatory cytokine and cytokine related mRNA quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction using SYBR green

Cytokine mRNA quantification is widely used to investigate cytokine profiles, particularly in small samples. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is currently the most reliable method of quantifying low-level t...

Authors: André Peinnequin, Catherine Mouret, Olivier Birot, Antonia Alonso, Jacques Mathieu, Didier Clarençon, Diane Agay, Yves Chancerelle and Eric Multon

Quantitative differences in lipid raft components between murine CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells

Lipid rafts have been shown to play a role in T cell maturation, activation as well as in the formation of immunological synapses in CD4⁺ helper and CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells. However, the differential expression of...

Authors: Valeria de Mello Coelho, Dzung Nguyen, Banabihari Giri, Allyson Bunbury, Eric Schaffer and Dennis D Taub

Cloning and characterization of deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) cytokine and chemokine cDNAs

Sin Nombre virus (SNV) establishes a persistent infection in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. A strong antibody response occurs in response to SNV infection, but the role of the innate immune response is u...

Authors: Tony Schountz, Renata Green, Bennett Davenport, Amie Buniger, Tiffany Richens, J Jeffrey Root, Forbes Davidson, Charles H Calisher and Barry J Beaty

Performance of plate-based cytokine flow cytometry with automated data analysis

Cytokine flow cytometry (CFC) provides a multiparameter alternative to ELISPOT assays for rapid quantitation of antigen-specific T cells. To increase the throughput of CFC assays, we have optimized methods for...

Authors: Maria A Suni, Holli S Dunn, Patricia L Orr, Rian de Laat, Elizabeth Sinclair, Smita A Ghanekar, Barry M Bredt, John F Dunne, Vernon C Maino and Holden T Maecker

Interferon-α/β receptor-mediated selective induction of a gene cluster by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are known to exert a strong adjuvant effect on Th1 immune responses. Although several genes have been reported, no comprehensive study of the ...

Authors: Atsushi Kato, Toshiki Homma, Jonathan Batchelor, Noriko Hashimoto, Shosuke Imai, Hiroshi Wakiguchi, Hirohisa Saito and Kenji Matsumoto

Characterisation of RT1-E2, a multigenic family of highly conserved rat non-classical MHC class I molecules initially identified in cells from immunoprivileged sites

So-called "immunoprivileged sites" are tissues or organs where slow allograft rejection correlates with low levels of expression of MHC class I molecules. Whilst classical class I molecules are recognised by c...

Authors: Pierre Lau, Claire Amadou, Hélène Brun, Virginie Rouillon, Fiona McLaren, Anne-France Le Rolle, Margaret Graham, Geoffrey W Butcher and Etienne Joly

Detection in chick embryo of fetoproteins not recognized by the dam's immune system and of soluble alloantigens. Presumptive teratogenic and abortogenic capacity of their specific IgY

The aim of this work was to detect antigens, non-self to the dam, potentially present in chick embryo prior to organogenesis with a view to establishing the consequences of their neutralization on chick develo...

Authors: Antonio Rodríguez-Burgos

Genetic control of the innate immune response

Susceptibility to infectious diseases is directed, in part, by the interaction between the invading pathogen and host macrophages. This study examines the influence of genetic background on host-pathogen inter...

Authors: Christine A Wells, Timothy Ravasi, Geoffrey J Faulkner, Piero Carninci, Yasushi Okazaki, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Matthew Sweet, Brandon J Wainwright and David A Hume

Expression of the UL16 glycoprotein of Human Cytomegalovirus protects the virus-infected cell from attack by natural killer cells

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has acquired through evolution a number of genes to try to evade immune recognition of the virus-infected cell. Many of these mechanisms act to inhibit the MHC class I antigen pres...

Authors: Mar Valés-Gómez, Helena Browne and Hugh T Reyburn

Modulation of neutrophil function by the tripeptide feG

Neutrophils are critical in the defense against potentially harmful microorganisms, but their excessive and inappropriate activation can contribute significantly to tissue damage and a worsening pathology. Thr...

Authors: Ronald D Mathison, A Dean Befus, Joseph S Davison and Richard C Woodman

Severe anaphylactic reactions to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) self peptides in NOD mice that spontaneously develop autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus

Insulin dependent (i.e., "type 1") diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered to be a T cell mediated disease in which T_H1 and T_c autoreactive cells attack the pancreatic islets. Among the beta-cell antigens implicat...

Authors: Rosetta Pedotti, Maija Sanna, Mindy Tsai, Jason DeVoss, Lawrence Steinman, Hugh McDevitt and Stephen J Galli

Human CD81 directly enhances T_h1 and T_h2 cell activation, but preferentially induces proliferation of T_h2 cells upon long-term stimulation

CD81, a cell-surface protein of the tetraspanin superfamily, has been shown to costimulate T cell activation in murine T cells, and is involved in development of Th2 immune responses in mice.

Authors: Holden T Maecker

Activation of the Syk tyrosine kinase is insufficient for downstream signal transduction in B lymphocytes

Immature B lymphocytes and certain B cell lymphomas undergo apoptotic cell death following activation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signal transduction pathway. Several biochemical changes occur in resp...

Authors: Robert C Hsueh, Adrienne M Hammill, Jamie A Lee, Jonathan W Uhr and Richard H Scheuermann

Flt3⁺ macrophage precursors commit sequentially to osteoclasts, dendritic cells and microglia

Macrophages, osteoclasts, dendritic cells, and microglia are highly specialized cells that belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Functional and phenotypic heterogeneity within the mononuclear phagocyte s...

Authors: Christine Servet-Delprat, Sylvie Arnaud, Pierre Jurdic, Serge Nataf, Marie-France Grasset, Caroline Soulas, Chantal Domenget, Olivier Destaing, Aymeric Rivollier, Magali Perret, Christiane Dumontel, Daniel Hanau, Gary L Gilmore, Marie-Françoise Belin, Chantal Rabourdin-Combe and Guy Mouchiroud

Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced T cell responses after activation of human dendritic cells with IL-1 and CD40 ligand

Various microbial, inflammatory and immune signals regulate the activation of dendritic cells (DC), determining their ability to interact with naïve T cells and to produce cytokines that direct T cell developm...

Authors: Amy Wesa and Anne Galy

Decreased inducibility of TNF expression in lipid-loaded macrophages

Inflammation and immune responses are considered to be very important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipid accumulation in macrophages of the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atheroscler...

Authors: Mikko PS Ares, Maria Stollenwerk, Anneli Olsson, Bengt Kallin, Stefan Jovinge and Jan Nilsson

Stage-specific changes in fetal thymocyte proliferation during the CD4^-8^- to CD4⁺8⁺ transition in wild type, Rag1^-/-, and Hoxa3,Pax1 mutant mice

The function of the thymic microenvironment is to promote thymocyte maturation, in part via regulation of thymocyte proliferation and cell death. Defects in fetal thymic epithelial cell (TEC) development and f...

Authors: Dong-ming Su and Nancy R Manley

Increased expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and MIP-1α by spinal perivascular macrophages during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats

T-cells extravasation and CNS parenchyma infiltration during autoimmune neurodegenerative disease can be evoked by local antigen presenting cells. Studying the chemoattracting potential of spinal perivascular ...

Authors: Nils Hofmann, Nina Lachnit, Michael Streppel, Brigitte Witter, Wolfram F Neiss, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius and Doychin N Angelov

The κB transcriptional enhancer motif and signal sequences of V(D)J recombination are targets for the zinc finger protein HIVEP3/KRC: a site selection amplification binding study

The ZAS family is composed of proteins that regulate transcription via specific gene regulatory elements. The amino-DNA binding domain (ZAS-N) and the carboxyl-DNA binding domain (ZAS-C) of a representative fa...

Authors: Carl E Allen, Chi-ho Mak and Lai-Chu Wu

Flowcytometry – A rapid tool to correlate functional activities of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with their corresponding phenotypes after in vitro stimulation.

While dealing with mixed in vitro lymphocyte cultures one is faced with the problem of relative contributions of different populations to the activity being studied. This is especially true in the controversy rel...

Authors: R Nirmala and PR Narayanan

Polarized Th2 like cells, in the absence of Th0 cells, are responsible for lymphocyte produced IL-4 in high IgE-producer schistosomiasis patients

Human resistance to re-infection with S. mansoni is correlated with high levels of anti-soluble adult worm antigens (SWAP) IgE. Although it has been shown that IL-4 and IL-5 are crucial in establishing IgE respon...

Authors: Walderez O Dutra, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira, David Dunne, Luiza Fosenca Cecchini, Lúcia Fraga, Morven Roberts, Alda Maria Soares-Silveira, Michelle Webster, Hans Yssel and Kenneth J Gollob