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Immunity to infection

This section aims to publish studies on the immune response to infection from all microbes and toxins. The section also welcomes vaccine-related research if this is related to a specific organism.

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  1. The spread of a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and other countries is of great concern worldwide with no effective vaccine. This study aimed to d...

    Authors: Yassir A. Almofti, Khoubieb Ali Abd-elrahman and Elsideeq E. M. Eltilib

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2021 22:22

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. It is important to expound the opposite clinical outcomes between children and adulthood for eradicate malaria. There remains unknown about the correlation between adaptive immune response and age-related in m...

    Authors: Qiu-bo Wang, Yun-ting Du, Fei Liu, Xiao-dan Sun, Xun Sun, Guang Chen, Wei Pang and Ya-Ming Cao

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2021 22:6

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Recent outbreaks of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection and associated microcephaly has raised multiple scientific questions. The close antigenic relatedness between flaviviruses makes diagnosis of specific infection ...

    Authors: Himanshu Garg, Rose Yeh, Douglas M. Watts, Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz, Robert Resendes, Bruce Parsons, Fernando Gonzales and Anjali Joshi

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2021 22:5

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by most cells. EVs carry nucleic acids that hold promise as potential biomarkers in various diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) in...

    Authors: Sukrutha Chettimada, David R. Lorenz, Vikas Misra, Steven M. Wolinsky and Dana Gabuzda

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:57

    Content type: Research article

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  5. The use of inbred mice housed under standardized environmental conditions has been critical in identifying immuno-pathological mechanisms in different infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as revealing ...

    Authors: Josue Enriquez, Brianyell Mc Daniel Mims, Scott Trasti, Kathryn L. Furr and Matthew B. Grisham

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:50

    Content type: Review

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  6. Measles outbreaks have threatened the global elimination and eradication of measles in recent years. Measles virus (MeV)-specific antibodies are successful in clearing MeV infection. Follicular helper T (Tfh) ...

    Authors: Weiyun Shen, Hongzhou Ye, Xilin Zhang, Lixia Huo, Jingli Shen, Li Zhu, Xiang Wang and Dawei Cui

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:49

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Primary immunodeficiences (PIDs) are a group of chronic, serious disorders in which the immune response is insufficient. In consequence, it leads to an increased susceptibility to infections. Up to date, there...

    Authors: Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech, Kamil Bar, Mateusz Babicki, Karol Śmiech and Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:42

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) is a novel biomarker of sepsis used for early diagnosis. Originally, CD14 is known as the pattern recognition receptor for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LBP complexes, and the d...

    Authors: Yusuke Koizumi, Daisuke Sakanashi, Tetsuo Mohri, Hiroki Watanabe, Arufumi Shiota, Nobuhiro Asai, Hideo Kato, Mao Hagihara, Kenta Murotani, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroyuki Suematsu and Hiroshige Mikamo

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:33

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Cholera, an acute watery diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 and O139 across the continents. Replacing the existing WHO licensed killed multiple-dose oral cholera vaccines that demand ‘cold ...

    Authors: Tew Hui Xian, Kurunathan Sinniah, Chan Yean Yean, Venkateskumar Krishnamoorthy, Mohd Baidi Bahari, Manickam Ravichandran and Guruswamy Prabhakaran

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:29

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Understanding pathogenic mechanisms is imperative for developing novel treatment to the tuberculosis, an important public health burden worldwide. Recent studies demonstrated that host cholesterol levels have ...

    Authors: Jinrui Xu, Yanbing Zhou, Yi Yang, Cuiping Lv, Xiaoming Liu and Yujiong Wang

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:26

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Often, patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID), which are marked by the absence or loss of functional antibodies, require lifelong treatment with immunoglobulin (IG) replacement therapy administe...

    Authors: Lisa M. Meckley, Yanyu Wu, Diane Ito, Todd Berner, Barbara McCoy and Leman Yel

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:24

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Clonorchis sinensis infection could trigger strong immune responses in mice and humans. However, whether the C.sinensis infection has an impact on arthritis is unknown. Here we investigated the effect of C.sinens...

    Authors: Xiangyang Li, Ying Yang, Suping Qin, Fanyun Kong, Chao Yan, Wanpeng Cheng, Wei Pan, Qian Yu, Hui Hua, Kuiyang Zheng and Renxian Tang

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2020 21:7

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Yersinia pestis, the etiological pathogen of plague, is capable of repressing the immune response of white blood cells to evade phagocytosis. The V-antigen (LcrV) was found to be involved in this process by bindi...

    Authors: Tiandi Wei, Jing Gong, Guojing Qu, Mingyu Wang and Hai Xu

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:48

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key component of innate immunity. Low serum MBL levels, related to promoter polymorphism and structural variants, have been associated with an increased risk of infection. The...

    Authors: M. Puente, C. Fariñas-Alvarez, A. Moreto, P. Sánchez-Velasco, J. G. Ocejo-Vinyals and M. C. Fariñas

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:40

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Helios has been reported to stabilize regulatory T (Treg) suppressive function. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression in three human monocyte subsets modulates immune responses. Recently, our team ...

    Authors: Lifeng Liu, Qiuyue Zhang, Peng Chen, Na Guo, Aixin Song, Xiaojie Huang, Wei Xia, Li Li, Christiane Moog, Hao Wu, Bin Su and Tong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:38

    Content type: Research article

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  19. A previous study demonstrated pleural fluid (PF) IgA immunodominance for the fused MT10.3:MPT64 protein in pleural tuberculosis (PLTB) cases. However, no clue on the role of IgA and IgG against this and other ...

    Authors: Renan Jeremias da Silva, Raquel da Silva Corrêa, Isabela Gama Sardella, Ana Carla de Paulo Mulinari, Thiago Thomaz Mafort, Ana Paula Santos, Rogério Rufino, Luciana Silva Rodrigues and Maria Helena Féres Saad

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:36

    Content type: Research article

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  20. HIV-infected individuals with latent TB infection are at increased risk of developing active TB. HAART greatly reduces the incidence rate of TB in HIV-infected patients and reconstitutes Mycobacterium tuberculosi...

    Authors: Girmay Desalegn, Aster Tsegaye, Dawit Gebreegziabiher, Abraham Aseffa and Rawleigh Howe

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:35

    Content type: Research article

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  21. The immune reconstitution after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among HIV-infected individuals substantially affects patients’ prognosis. However, the dynamic characteristics and pre...

    Authors: Chong-Xi Li, Yu-Ye Li, Li-Ping He, Jing Kou, Jin-Song Bai, Jun Liu, Bo Tian, Li-Juan Cao, Kun-Hua Wang and Yi-Qun Kuang

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:31

    Content type: Research article

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  22. We sought to compare Pneumovax®23 responses in adults with subnormal IgG subclass concentrations. We studied adults with normal total IgG, frequent/severe respiratory infection, and subnormal IgG1, IgG3, or Ig...

    Authors: Antony R. Parker, Markus Skold, Stephen Harding, J. Clayborn Barton, Luigi F. Bertoli and James C. Barton

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:29

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Immune inhibitory receptors play an important role in chronic infections. However, little is known about their role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we analyzed the relationship between programmed d...

    Authors: Yuejiao Dong, Xuefen Li, Lu Zhang, Qiaoyun Zhu, Chunlei Chen, Jiaqi Bao and Yu Chen

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:27

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency may increase risk of respiratory tract infection in adults unselected for IgG or IgG subclass levels. In a retrospective study, we sought to determine associations of se...

    Authors: James C. Barton, Jackson C. Barton and Luigi F. Bertoli

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:15

    Content type: Research article

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  25. High Immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to Plasmodium falciparum antigens is associated with partial malaria protection in sickle hemoglobin (HbS) children. However, this response has been more studied in children w...

    Authors: George Msema Bwire, Mtebe Majigo, Robert Makalla, Lillian Nkinda, Akili Mawazo, Mucho Mizinduko and Julie Makani

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:12

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in the innate immune response by activating the complement system via the lectin pathway, and it has been studied in several viral infections; however, the ...

    Authors: Viviane Martha Santos de Morais, Juliana Prado Gonçales, Georgea Gertrudes de Oliveira Mendes Cahú, Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza and Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Coêlho

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2019 20:1

    Content type: Research article

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  28. The saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus reproduces by generation of conidia, which are spread by airflow throughout nature. Since humans are inhaling certain amounts of spores every day, the (innate) immune ...

    Authors: Lothar Marischen, Anne Englert, Anna-Lena Schmitt, Hermann Einsele and Juergen Loeffler

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:39

    Content type: Research article

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  29. The initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) plays a significant role in the clinical management of HIV infected people by preventing morbidity and mortality. This benefit becomes, the most t...

    Authors: Gizachew Ayele, Belay Tessema, Anteneh Amsalu, Getachew Ferede and Gizachew Yismaw

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:37

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Antibodies against Region III-V of the erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA) 175 (EBA175RIII-V) have been suggested to provide protection from malaria in a natural infection. However, the quality and quantity of n...

    Authors: L. E. Amoah, H. B. Abagna, K. Akyea-Mensah, A. C. Lo, K. A. Kusi and B. A. Gyan

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:34

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) is the most frequent extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis (TB). Studies of human tuberculosis at sites of disease are limited. LNTB provides a unique opportunity to compare local in ...

    Authors: Karima Sahmoudi, Hassan Abbassi, Nada Bouklata, Mohamed Nouredine El Alami, Abderrahmane Sadak, Christopher Burant, W. Henry Boom, Rajae El Aouad, David H. Canaday and Fouad Seghrouchni

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:33

    Content type: Research article

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  32. IL-17A has emerged as a key player in the pathologies of inflammation, autoimmune disease, and immunity to microbes since its discovery two decades ago. In this study, we aim to elucidate the activity of IL-17...

    Authors: Elaheh Movahed, Yi Ying Cheok, Grace Min Yi Tan, Chalystha Yie Qin Lee, Heng Choon Cheong, Rukumani Devi Velayuthan, Sun Tee Tay, Pei Pei Chong, Won Fen Wong and Chung Yeng Looi

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:32

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common syndromic immunodeficiency with an increased risk of infection, mortality from sepsis, and autoinflammation. Innate immune function is altered in DS and therefore we exami...

    Authors: Dean Huggard, Fiona McGrane, Niamh Lagan, Edna Roche, Joanne Balfe, Timothy Ronan Leahy, Orla Franklin, Ana Moreno, Ashanty M. Melo, Derek G. Doherty and Eleanor J. Molloy

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:31

    Content type: Research article

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  34. The involvement of inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization during the process of syphilis infection remains unknown. In this study, A series of experiments were performed using human macrophages to...

    Authors: Li-Rong Lin, Wei Liu, Xiao-Zhen Zhu, Yu-Yan Chen, Zheng-Xiang Gao, Kun Gao, Man-Li Tong, Hui-Lin Zhang, Yao Xiao, Wen-Dong Li, Shu-Lian Li, Hui-Ling Lin, Li-Li Liu, Zan-Xi Fang, Jian-Jun Niu, Yong Lin…

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:28

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 9 (KCTD9), a member of KCTD family with a DNA-like pentapeptide repeat domain, was found to be increased particularly in NK cells of patients with HBV-induce...

    Authors: Xiaoping Zhang, Lin Zhu, Yaoyong Zhou, Aichao Shi, Hongwu Wang, Meifang Han, Xiaoyang Wan, Semvua Bukheti Kilonzo, Xiaoping Luo, Tao Chen and Qin Ning

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:20

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires CD4+ T-cell responses and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) presentation of Mtb antigens (Ags). Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most p...

    Authors: Zhengzhong Xu, Aihong Xia, Xin Li, Zhaocheng Zhu, Yechi Shen, Shanshan Jin, Tian Lan, Yuqing Xie, Han Wu, Chuang Meng, Lin Sun, Yuelan Yin, Xiang Chen and Xinan Jiao

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:19

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Serological antibodies tests for tuberculosis (TB) are widely used in developing countries. They appear to have some advantages- faster, simple and could be used for extrapulmonary TB. However, most of current...

    Authors: Jinjing Tan, Xiaoguang Wu, Suting Chen, Meng Gu, Hairong Huang and Wentao Yue

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2018 19:10

    Content type: Research article

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  38. We have previously reported that interleukin-10 (IL-10) deficient dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells that induced elevated protective immunity against Chlamydia. To further investigate the ...

    Authors: Khamia Ryans, Yusuf Omosun, Danielle N. McKeithen, Tankya Simoneaux, Camilla C. Mills, Nathan Bowen, Francis O. Eko, Carolyn M. Black, Joseph U. Igietseme and Qing He

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:27

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a small, non-enveloped DNA virus causing swine lymphocyte depletion and severe impact on the swine industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenicity and immunogeni...

    Authors: Ling-Chu Hung, Cheng-Yao Yang and Ivan-Chen Cheng

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:25

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Uncontrolled cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in immunocompromised solid-organ transplant recipients is a clinically relevant issue and an indication of impaired CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Pri...

    Authors: Bernhard Banas, Carsten A. Böger, Gerhard Lückhoff, Bernd Krüger, Sascha Barabas, Julia Batzilla, Mathias Schemmerer, Josef Köstler, Hanna Bendfeldt, Anne Rascle, Ralf Wagner, Ludwig Deml, Joachim Leicht and Bernhard K. Krämer

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:15

    Content type: Research article

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  41. In healthy individuals, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is efficiently controlled by CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Functional impairment of CMI in immunocompromized individuals however can lead to...

    Authors: Sascha Barabas, Theresa Spindler, Richard Kiener, Charlotte Tonar, Tamara Lugner, Julia Batzilla, Hanna Bendfeldt, Anne Rascle, Benedikt Asbach, Ralf Wagner and Ludwig Deml

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:14

    Content type: Methodology article

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  42. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in humans. Genotype-I (as co-circulating cases with Genotype-III) w...

    Authors: Shyamashree Banerjee, Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta and Amal Kumar Bandyopadhyay

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:13

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces acute liver injury and the complex mechanisms include the activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in many species. However, immuno-pathological changes duri...

    Authors: Xi-Yao Huang, Abdur Rahman Ansari, Hai-Bo Huang, Xing Zhao, Ning-Ya Li, Zhi-Jian Sun, Ke-Mei Peng, Juming Zhong and Hua-Zhen Liu

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:12

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem. New treatment methods on TB are urgently demanded. In this study, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) rv2190c DNA vaccine was prepared and its immunogenicit...

    Authors: Yan Liang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Xuejuan Bai, Li Xiao, Xiaomei Wang, Junxian Zhang, Yourong Yang, Jinying Song, Lan Wang and Xueqiong Wu

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:11

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Patients experiencing large thermal injuries are susceptible to opportunistic infections that can delay recovery and lead to sepsis. Dendritic cells (DC) are important for the detection of pathogens and activa...

    Authors: Leon Bae, Julia K. Bohannon, Weihua Cui, Monika Vinish and Tracy Toliver-Kinsky

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:9

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Hyperactive secretion and pathogenic effects of interleukin (IL)-17 and IgA have been detected in different arthropathies. Recent evidence has revealed that TH17 cytokines regulate mucosal IgA secretion. However,...

    Authors: Ricardo Javier Eliçabe, Juan Eduardo Silva, Mabel Noemí Dave, María Gabriela Lacoste, Héctor Tamashiro, Rodrigo Blas, Alicia Munarriz, Gabriel Adrián Rabinovich and María Silvia Di Genaro

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:8

    Content type: Research article

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  47. While tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors (TNFi) and other biologics are very effective against autoimmune diseases, they can also cause infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to clarify wh...

    Authors: Shoichi Fukui, Hideki Nakamura, Yoshiko Takahashi, Naoki Iwamoto, Hiroo Hasegawa, Katsunori Yanagihara, Tatsufumi Nakamura, Akihiko Okayama and Atsushi Kawakami

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:7

    Content type: Research article

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  48. The role of pathogen specific cellular immune responses against the eliciting pathogen in development of post-infectious chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-CFS) is not known and such studies are difficult to perform...

    Authors: Kurt Hanevik, Einar Kristoffersen, Kristine Mørch, Kristin Paulsen Rye, Steinar Sørnes, Staffan Svärd, Øystein Bruserud and Nina Langeland

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2017 18:5

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan closely associated with AIDS and vertical transmission. T. gondii actin depolymerizing factor (TgADF) plays an important role in actin c...

    Authors: Zhuanzhuan Liu, Litian Yin, Yaqing Li, Fei Yuan, Xiaofan Zhang, Jiazhi Ma, Hongmei Liu, Yanjuan Wang, Kuiyang Zheng and Jianping Cao

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2016 17:37

    Content type: Research article

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  50. The purpose of this study was to characterize specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses in men who have sex with men (MSM) subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CRF01_AE subtyp...

    Authors: Fanming Jiang, Xiaoxu Han, Hui Zhang, Bin Zhao, Minghui An, Junjie Xu, Zhenxing Chu, Tao Dong and Hong Shang

    Citation: BMC Immunology 2016 17:28

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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BMC Immunology

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