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HC (n = 34)
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T2DM group (n = 8)
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Stable HFpEF (n = 5)
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Stable HFpEF + T2DM (n = 7)
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ADHFpEF (n = 7)
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ADHFpEF + T2DM (n = 6)
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|---|
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Age (years)
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68 ± 1.7
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75 ± 3.3
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71 ± 3.2
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82 ± 3.0*
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73 ± 3.5
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Males n (%)
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20 (58.8%)
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6 (75%)
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2 (40%)
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4 (57.1%)
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2 (28.6%)
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4 (66.7%)
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NYHA classification n (%)
|
|
Class I
|
n/a
|
n/a
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0 (0%)
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1 (14.3%)
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0 (0%)
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0 (0%)
|
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Class II
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n/a
|
n/a
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3 (60%)
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5 (71.4%)
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2 (28.6%)
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1 (16.7%)
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Class III
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n/a
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n/a
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2 (40%)
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1 (14.3%)
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2 (28.6%)
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2 (33.3%)
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|
Class IV
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n/a
|
n/a
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0 (0%)
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0 (0%)
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2 (28.6%)
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2 (33.3%)
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Etiology n (%)
|
|
Ischemia
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n/a
|
n/a
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0 (0%)
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1 (14.3%)
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0 (0%)
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2 (33.3%)
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Cardiomyopathy
|
n/a
|
n/a
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1 (20%)
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5 (71.4%)
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3 (42.9%)
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1 (16.7%)
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Valvular
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n/a
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n/a
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0 (0%)
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3 (42.9%)
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1 (14.3%)
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2 (33.3%)
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Others
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n/a
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n/a
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4 (80%)
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0 (0%)
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4 (57.1%)
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0 (%)
|
|
LVEF (%)
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n/a
|
n/a
|
54 ± 2.1
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58 ± 1.5
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57 ± 2.6
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55 ± 1.3
|
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Hypertension
|
n/a
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6 (75%)
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5 (100%)
|
7 (100%)
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4 (57.1%)
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6 (100%)
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Dyslipidemia
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n/a
|
7 (87.5%)
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1 (20%)
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4 (57.1%)
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3 (42.9%)
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5 (83.3%)
|
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Stroke
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n/a
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0 (0.0%)
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0 (0.0%)
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0 (0.0%)
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0 (0.0%)
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0 (0.0%)
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Biochemistry
|
|
Creatinine (μmol/l)
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n/a
|
86.7 ± 8.6
|
147 ± 43
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146 ± 17
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127 ± 21
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166 ± 26
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Glucose (mmol/l)
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n/a
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9.0 ± 0.7
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5.7 ± 0.6*
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6.9 ± 0.6
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6.4 ± 0.6
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8.0 ± 0.6
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|
Triglyceride (mmol/l)
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n/a
|
1.35 ± 0.19
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1.02 ± 0.12
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2.06 ± 0.56
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1.43 ± 0.13
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|
LDL (mmol/l)
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n/a
|
1.80 ± 0.12
|
2.23 ± 0.80
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1.09 ± 0.23
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1.64 ± 0.50
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|
Medication n (%)
|
|
ACEi
|
n/a
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3 (37.5%)
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0 (0.0%)
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1 (14.3%)
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0 (0.0%)
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1 (16.7%)
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|
ARBs
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n/a
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5 (62.5%)
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0 (0.0%)
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2 (28.6%)
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1 (14.3%)
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0 (0.0%)
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β-blockers
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n/a
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3 (37.5%)
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3 (60%)
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5 (71.4%)
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5 (71.4%)
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5 (83.3%)
|
|
Diuretic agents
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n/a
|
2 (25%)
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5 (100%)
|
7 (100%)
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5 (71.4%)
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6 (100%)
|
|
Statins
|
n/a
|
8 (100%)
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2 (40%)
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3 (42.9%)
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2 (28.6%)
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5 (83.3%)
|
|
Anticoagulants
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n/a
|
0 (0.0%)
|
5 (100%)
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4 (57.1%)
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6 (85.7%)
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3 (50.0%)
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|
Sulfonylureas
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n/a
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3 (37.5%)
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0 (0.0%)
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1 (14.3%)
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0 (0.0%)
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2 (33.3%)
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DDP-4 inhibitors
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n/a
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5 (62.5%)
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0 (0.0%)
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4 (57.1%)
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0 (0.0%)
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1 (16.7%)
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|
GLP-1 agonists
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n/a
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2 (25%)
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0 (0.0%)
|
0 (0.0%)
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0 (0.0%)
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0 (0.0%)
|
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SGLT-2 inhibitors
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n/a
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2 (25%)
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0 (0.0%)
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2 (28.6%)
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0 (0.0%)
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1 (16.7%)
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Metformin
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n/a
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7 (87.5%)
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1 (20%)
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4 (57.1%)
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0 (0.0%)
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1 (16.7%)
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Insulin
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n/a
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1 (12.5%)
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0 (0.0%)
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2 (28.6%)
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0 (0.0%)
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2 (33.3%)
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- HC, healthy controls; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; T2DM, type-2 diabetes mellitus; NYHA, New York Health Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; SGLT2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2. Continuous variables are shown as mean ± standard error mean and categorical variables as number (%). Anti-platelets included aspirin,clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor or a combination of these. *p < 0.05 versus T2DM
